![]() ![]() He assumed these reactions were “toxic” because the injected albumin in these animals acted as a poison. ![]() In 1839, François Magendie was the first to describe the phenomenon of anaphylaxis experimentally when he found that rabbits that were able to tolerate a single injection of egg albumin often died after the second or third injection. Keywords: anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reactions, tryptase, autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, epinephrine, precision medicineĭefining anaphylaxis: history and consensus ![]() Expanding knowledge with regard to the presentation, causes, and triggers for anaphylaxis among health care providers will improve its diagnosis and management, increase patient safety, and decrease morbidity and mortality. The objective of this review is to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis with a description of phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers available in both the clinical and research settings. Biomarkers such as tryptase are not routinely checked, and appropriate treatment with epinephrine is not administered in a majority of cases, increasing the risk of poor outcomes. The diagnosis is frequently delayed, and misdiagnosis often occurs with asthma or urticaria. Teodorikez Wilfox Jimenez-Rodriguez, 1–3 Marlene Garcia-Neuer, 1 Leila A Alenazy, 1,4 Mariana Castells 1ġDivision of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 2Allergy Section, Alicante General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain 3PhD Program in Public Health, Medical and Surgical Sciences, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain 4Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaĪbstract: Anaphylaxis is the most serious of all allergic reactions and can be fatal. ![]()
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